Saccharomyces boulardii is a tropical species of yeast first isolated from lychee and mangosteen fruit in 1923 by French scientist Henri Boulard. Although early reports described distinct taxonomic, metabolic, and genetic properties, S. boulardii is a strain of S. cerevisiae, sharing >99% genomic relatedness--(synonym: S. cerevisiae var boulardii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926). S. boulardii is sometimes used as a probiotic with the purpose of introducing beneficial active cultures into the large and small intestines, as well as conferring protection against pathogenic microorganisms in the host. It grows at 37 °C (98.6 °F). In addition, the popular genome-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9 was proven to be effective in S. boulardii. Boulard first isolated this yeast after he observed natives of Southeast Asia chewing on the skin of lychee and mangosteen in an attempt to control the symptoms of cholera. In healthy patients, S. boulardii has been shown to be nonpathogenic and nonsystemic (it remains in the gastrointestinal tract rather than spreading elsewhere in the body).
Video Saccharomyces boulardii
Medical uses
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea
Evidence exists for its use in the preventative treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in adults. Further evidence indicates its use to prevent AAD in children. The potential efficacy of probiotic AAD prevention is dependent on the probiotic strain(s) used and on the dosage. A 2015 Cochrane review recommended Lactobacillus rhamnosus or S. boulardii at 5 to 40 billion colony-forming units/day (CFU/day) for the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children, given the modest NNT (number needed to treat) and the likelihood that adverse events are very rare. A recent meta-analysis of 21 randomised controlled trials (4780 participants) confirmed that S. boulardii is effective in reducing the risk of AAD in children and adults.
Clostridium difficile infection
S. boulardii showed reduction of relapses in some specific patients with recurrent Clostridium difficile infection and may be effective for secondary prevention of C. difficile infection.
HIV/AIDS-associated diarrhea
S. boulardii has been shown to significantly increase the recovery rate of stage IV AIDS patients suffering from diarrhea versus placebo. On average, patients receiving S. boulardii gained weight, while the placebo group lost weight over the 18-month trial. No adverse reactions were observed in these immunocompromised patients.
Elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection
The addition of S. boulardii to the standard triple medication protocol for elimination of Helicobacter pylori infection showed a significant increase in eradication rates in a meta-analysis, though eradication rates were still not exceptional. The supplement also significantly decreased usual side effects of H. pylori eradication therapy including diarrhea and nausea.
Blastocystosis
Also, some evidence shows potential benefits of S. boulardii in treatment of blastocystosis.
Acute gastroenteritis
A position paper published by ESPGHAN Working Group for Probiotics and Prebiotics based on a systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials suggested that S boulardii (low quality of evidence, strong recommendation) may be considered in the management of children with Acute gastroenteritis in addition to rehydration therapy.
Maps Saccharomyces boulardii
Safety
However, in immunocompromised individuals, S. boulardii has been associated with fungemia or localized infection, which may be fatal. Overall, S. boulardii is safe for use in otherwise healthy populations and fungemia with S. boulardii has not been reported, to the best of the recent evidences in immunocompetent patients. A review of HIV-1-infected patients given therapy with S. boulardii indicated it was safe. A retrospective study on 32000 oncohematological hospitalized patients showed no occurrence of fungal sepsis with S. boulardii use.
References
Source of article : Wikipedia
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